Non-violent video games that capitalize on storytelling have prosocial benefits that could ultimately be helpful to clinical disorders such as autism.
"The motivation to engage in and enjoy video games corresponds with principals that apply to human motivation in general," researcher Daniel Bormann of the University of Freiburg said in a statement. "For instance, successful game franchises offer players a spectrum of meaningful choices to shape the game's narrative and environment, provide carefully balanced challenges, or encourage players to experience social connectedness and meaningful social interactions."
Research has suggested that the satisfaction of those needs results not only greater motivation to play but also enhanced well-being and a more immersive experience.
For the study, Bormann and his colleague Tobias Greitemeyer wanted to explore this concept further, to see whether storytelling fosters immersion and changes how players are able to assess the mental states of others (called "theory of mind").
Immersion, Bormann says, "is characterized by an experience you might have enjoyed while watching your favorite movie for the first time -- the sensation of being transported to another time or space, as though you are taking a real journey, or the feeling of being emotionally impacted by the protagonist's fate."
To test the role of in-game storytelling, the researchers randomly assigned participants to play one of two video games. In the first game Gone Home, the player slips into the role of a female American college student, arriving home after a year abroad. The player comes upon an empty house and has to use various clues to figure out what happened to her missing family members. For the control condition, the game was Against the Wall, in which the player has to climb up an infinite wall by interacting with the bricks, in surreal but human-made surroundings. Apart from a brief description of the environment and goals, the game provided no narrative elements.
the researchers found that narrative game elements contributed to a more immersive video game experience. They also found that being immersed in a game's story supports players in perceiving opportunities for meaningful choices and relationships. And they found that the narrative elements affected theory of mind.
"Although the effects regarding theory of mind were relatively small, we were excited to see initial evidence for the short-term enhancement through in-game storytelling," Bormann says. "Importantly, this effect was specific to the condition in which participants actively engaged in the games narration, while the mere exposure to the narrative video game did not affect theory of mind, in comparison to playing a neutral video game."
Together, the results suggest that in-game storytelling contributes to a more immersive and satisfying video game experience while also fostering skills that are useful to players on a day-to-day basis.
The findings are detailed in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science.
