New research suggests that banning smoking from enclosed public places does not help smokers quit smoking behind their own closed doors.

Researchers at Concordia University found no significant change in home habits in the aftermath of a ban. But the measures could have an impact in more complex ways.

"What distinguishes people who restrict smoking at home is the presence of a non-smoker," Sylvia Kairouz, an associate professor in Concordia's Department of Sociology and Anthropology, said in a statement. "The social network seems to be more of a factor than the law."

With advance knowledge of a smoking ban in Quebec, Canada that took effect in May 2006, Kairouz and her colleagues were able to collect data from a representative cross-section of the population a month ahead of time. They then followed up a year and a half later.

Naturally, growing awareness of the health impact of secondhand smoke contributed to the stricter laws, although a number of those who kept puffing at home claimed to be trying to reduce nicotine exposure to others, even if those strategies for quitting are generally futile.

"The popular belief is that opening windows or doors to blow out smoke makes it OK, when that's not the case," Kairouz said. "People might be sensitive to the issues, but there was a lack of information about how the effects of second-hand smoke are transmitted."

Greater inspiration to kick the habit likely comes from having friends or family who set an example by giving up cigarettes themselves. But trends over the past decade suggest a much broader range of factors have reduced the number of nicotine addicts beyond simply forcing smokers to huddle outdoors more often.

"There needs to be an integrated approach of ecological measures along with taxation, prevention and information," Kairouz said. "But one of the most important components is to have public health services available for people who are trying to quit."

The findings are detailed in the journal Nicotine & Tobacco Research.